X-Git-Url: https://scm.cri.ensmp.fr/git/linpy.git/blobdiff_plain/7fff25bf40e4db570565586fb49165d1675002c2..4162c0430092e0ba2b8d8d62b5de24cdd71abe3b:/linpy/polyhedra.py diff --git a/linpy/polyhedra.py b/linpy/polyhedra.py index 8eddb2d..1ccbe9c 100644 --- a/linpy/polyhedra.py +++ b/linpy/polyhedra.py @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ from . import islhelper from .islhelper import mainctx, libisl from .geometry import GeometricObject, Point -from .linexprs import Expression, Rational +from .linexprs import LinExpr, Rational from .domains import Domain @@ -36,21 +36,53 @@ __all__ = [ class Polyhedron(Domain): """ - Polyhedron class allows users to build and inspect polyherons. Polyhedron inherits from Domain. + A convex polyhedron (or simply "polyhedron") is the space defined by a + system of linear equalities and inequalities. This space can be unbounded. A + Z-polyhedron (simply called "polyhedron" in LinPy) is the set of integer + points in a convex polyhedron. """ + __slots__ = ( '_equalities', '_inequalities', - '_constraints', '_symbols', '_dimension', ) def __new__(cls, equalities=None, inequalities=None): """ - Create and return a new Polyhedron from a string or list of equalities and inequalities. + Return a polyhedron from two sequences of linear expressions: equalities + is a list of expressions equal to 0, and inequalities is a list of + expressions greater or equal to 0. For example, the polyhedron + 0 <= x <= 2, 0 <= y <= 2 can be constructed with: + + >>> x, y = symbols('x y') + >>> square1 = Polyhedron([], [x, 2 - x, y, 2 - y]) + >>> square1 + And(0 <= x, x <= 2, 0 <= y, y <= 2) + + It may be easier to use comparison operators LinExpr.__lt__(), + LinExpr.__le__(), LinExpr.__ge__(), LinExpr.__gt__(), or functions Lt(), + Le(), Eq(), Ge() and Gt(), using one of the following instructions: + + >>> x, y = symbols('x y') + >>> square1 = (0 <= x) & (x <= 2) & (0 <= y) & (y <= 2) + >>> square1 = Le(0, x, 2) & Le(0, y, 2) + + It is also possible to build a polyhedron from a string. + + >>> square1 = Polyhedron('0 <= x <= 2, 0 <= y <= 2') + + Finally, a polyhedron can be constructed from a GeometricObject + instance, calling the GeometricObject.aspolyedron() method. This way, it + is possible to compute the polyhedral hull of a Domain instance, i.e., + the convex hull of two polyhedra: + + >>> square1 = Polyhedron('0 <= x <= 2, 0 <= y <= 2') + >>> square2 = Polyhedron('1 <= x <= 3, 1 <= y <= 3') + >>> Polyhedron(square1 | square2) + And(0 <= x, 0 <= y, x <= y + 2, y <= x + 2, x <= 3, y <= 3) """ - if isinstance(equalities, str): if inequalities is not None: raise TypeError('too many arguments') @@ -59,59 +91,54 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): if inequalities is not None: raise TypeError('too many arguments') return equalities.aspolyhedron() - if equalities is None: - equalities = [] - else: - for i, equality in enumerate(equalities): - if not isinstance(equality, Expression): + sc_equalities = [] + if equalities is not None: + for equality in equalities: + if not isinstance(equality, LinExpr): raise TypeError('equalities must be linear expressions') - equalities[i] = equality.scaleint() - if inequalities is None: - inequalities = [] - else: - for i, inequality in enumerate(inequalities): - if not isinstance(inequality, Expression): + sc_equalities.append(equality.scaleint()) + sc_inequalities = [] + if inequalities is not None: + for inequality in inequalities: + if not isinstance(inequality, LinExpr): raise TypeError('inequalities must be linear expressions') - inequalities[i] = inequality.scaleint() - symbols = cls._xsymbols(equalities + inequalities) - islbset = cls._toislbasicset(equalities, inequalities, symbols) + sc_inequalities.append(inequality.scaleint()) + symbols = cls._xsymbols(sc_equalities + sc_inequalities) + islbset = cls._toislbasicset(sc_equalities, sc_inequalities, symbols) return cls._fromislbasicset(islbset, symbols) @property def equalities(self): """ - Return a list of the equalities in a polyhedron. + The tuple of equalities. This is a list of LinExpr instances that are + equal to 0 in the polyhedron. """ return self._equalities @property def inequalities(self): """ - Return a list of the inequalities in a polyhedron. + The tuple of inequalities. This is a list of LinExpr instances that are + greater or equal to 0 in the polyhedron. """ return self._inequalities @property def constraints(self): """ - Return the list of the constraints of a polyhedron. + The tuple of constraints, i.e., equalities and inequalities. This is + semantically equivalent to: equalities + inequalities. """ - return self._constraints + return self._equalities + self._inequalities @property def polyhedra(self): return self, def make_disjoint(self): - """ - Return a polyhedron as disjoint. - """ return self def isuniverse(self): - """ - Return true if a polyhedron is the Universe set. - """ islbset = self._toislbasicset(self.equalities, self.inequalities, self.symbols) universe = bool(libisl.isl_basic_set_is_universe(islbset)) @@ -119,15 +146,18 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): return universe def aspolyhedron(self): - """ - Return the polyhedral hull of a polyhedron. - """ return self - def __contains__(self, point): + def convex_union(self, *others): """ - Report whether a polyhedron constains an integer point + Return the convex union of two or more polyhedra. """ + for other in others: + if not isinstance(other, Polyhedron): + raise TypeError('arguments must be Polyhedron instances') + return Polyhedron(self.union(*others)) + + def __contains__(self, point): if not isinstance(point, Point): raise TypeError('point must be a Point instance') if self.symbols != point.symbols: @@ -141,27 +171,33 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): return True def subs(self, symbol, expression=None): - """ - Subsitute the given value into an expression and return the resulting - expression. - """ equalities = [equality.subs(symbol, expression) for equality in self.equalities] inequalities = [inequality.subs(symbol, expression) for inequality in self.inequalities] return Polyhedron(equalities, inequalities) - def _asinequalities(self): + def asinequalities(self): + """ + Express the polyhedron using inequalities, given as a list of + expressions greater or equal to 0. + """ inequalities = list(self.equalities) inequalities.extend([-expression for expression in self.equalities]) inequalities.extend(self.inequalities) return inequalities def widen(self, other): + """ + Compute the standard widening of two polyhedra, à la Halbwachs. + + In its current implementation, this method is slow and should not be + used on large polyhedra. + """ if not isinstance(other, Polyhedron): - raise ValueError('argument must be a Polyhedron instance') - inequalities1 = self._asinequalities() - inequalities2 = other._asinequalities() + raise TypeError('argument must be a Polyhedron instance') + inequalities1 = self.asinequalities() + inequalities2 = other.asinequalities() inequalities = [] for inequality1 in inequalities1: if other <= Polyhedron(inequalities=[inequality1]): @@ -191,7 +227,7 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): coefficient = islhelper.isl_val_to_int(coefficient) if coefficient != 0: coefficients[symbol] = coefficient - expression = Expression(coefficients, constant) + expression = LinExpr(coefficients, constant) if libisl.isl_constraint_is_equality(islconstraint): equalities.append(expression) else: @@ -200,8 +236,7 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): self = object().__new__(Polyhedron) self._equalities = tuple(equalities) self._inequalities = tuple(inequalities) - self._constraints = tuple(equalities + inequalities) - self._symbols = cls._xsymbols(self._constraints) + self._symbols = cls._xsymbols(self.constraints) self._dimension = len(self._symbols) return self @@ -242,9 +277,6 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): @classmethod def fromstring(cls, string): - """ - Create and return a Polyhedron from a string. - """ domain = Domain.fromstring(string) if not isinstance(domain, Polyhedron): raise ValueError('non-polyhedral expression: {!r}'.format(string)) @@ -253,37 +285,46 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): def __repr__(self): strings = [] for equality in self.equalities: - strings.append('Eq({}, 0)'.format(equality)) + left, right, swap = 0, 0, False + for i, (symbol, coefficient) in enumerate(equality.coefficients()): + if coefficient > 0: + left += coefficient * symbol + else: + right -= coefficient * symbol + if i == 0: + swap = True + if equality.constant > 0: + left += equality.constant + else: + right -= equality.constant + if swap: + left, right = right, left + strings.append('{} == {}'.format(left, right)) for inequality in self.inequalities: - strings.append('Ge({}, 0)'.format(inequality)) + left, right = 0, 0 + for symbol, coefficient in inequality.coefficients(): + if coefficient < 0: + left -= coefficient * symbol + else: + right += coefficient * symbol + if inequality.constant < 0: + left -= inequality.constant + else: + right += inequality.constant + strings.append('{} <= {}'.format(left, right)) if len(strings) == 1: return strings[0] else: return 'And({})'.format(', '.join(strings)) - - def _repr_latex_(self): - strings = [] - for equality in self.equalities: - strings.append('{} = 0'.format(equality._repr_latex_().strip('$'))) - for inequality in self.inequalities: - strings.append('{} \\ge 0'.format(inequality._repr_latex_().strip('$'))) - return '$${}$$'.format(' \\wedge '.join(strings)) - @classmethod - def fromsympy(cls, expr): - """ - Convert a sympy object to a polyhedron. - """ - domain = Domain.fromsympy(expr) + def fromsympy(cls, expression): + domain = Domain.fromsympy(expression) if not isinstance(domain, Polyhedron): - raise ValueError('non-polyhedral expression: {!r}'.format(expr)) + raise ValueError('non-polyhedral expression: {!r}'.format(expression)) return domain def tosympy(self): - """ - Return a polyhedron as a sympy object. - """ import sympy constraints = [] for equality in self.equalities: @@ -294,14 +335,14 @@ class Polyhedron(Domain): class EmptyType(Polyhedron): - - __slots__ = Polyhedron.__slots__ + """ + The empty polyhedron, whose set of constraints is not satisfiable. + """ def __new__(cls): self = object().__new__(cls) self._equalities = (Rational(1),) self._inequalities = () - self._constraints = self._equalities self._symbols = () self._dimension = 0 return self @@ -314,21 +355,19 @@ class EmptyType(Polyhedron): def __repr__(self): return 'Empty' - def _repr_latex_(self): - return '$$\\emptyset$$' - Empty = EmptyType() class UniverseType(Polyhedron): - - __slots__ = Polyhedron.__slots__ + """ + The universe polyhedron, whose set of constraints is always satisfiable, + i.e. is empty. + """ def __new__(cls): self = object().__new__(cls) self._equalities = () self._inequalities = () - self._constraints = () self._symbols = () self._dimension = () return self @@ -336,68 +375,80 @@ class UniverseType(Polyhedron): def __repr__(self): return 'Universe' - def _repr_latex_(self): - return '$$\\Omega$$' - Universe = UniverseType() -def _polymorphic(func): +def _pseudoconstructor(func): @functools.wraps(func) - def wrapper(left, right): - if not isinstance(left, Expression): - if isinstance(left, numbers.Rational): - left = Rational(left) - else: - raise TypeError('left must be a a rational number ' - 'or a linear expression') - if not isinstance(right, Expression): - if isinstance(right, numbers.Rational): - right = Rational(right) - else: - raise TypeError('right must be a a rational number ' - 'or a linear expression') - return func(left, right) + def wrapper(expression1, expression2, *expressions): + expressions = (expression1, expression2) + expressions + for expression in expressions: + if not isinstance(expression, LinExpr): + if isinstance(expression, numbers.Rational): + expression = Rational(expression) + else: + raise TypeError('arguments must be rational numbers ' + 'or linear expressions') + return func(*expressions) return wrapper -@_polymorphic -def Lt(left, right): +@_pseudoconstructor +def Lt(*expressions): """ - Returns a Polyhedron instance with a single constraint as left less than right. + Create the polyhedron with constraints expr1 < expr2 < expr3 ... """ - return Polyhedron([], [right - left - 1]) + inequalities = [] + for left, right in zip(expressions, expressions[1:]): + inequalities.append(right - left - 1) + return Polyhedron([], inequalities) -@_polymorphic -def Le(left, right): +@_pseudoconstructor +def Le(*expressions): """ - Returns a Polyhedron instance with a single constraint as left less than or equal to right. + Create the polyhedron with constraints expr1 <= expr2 <= expr3 ... """ - return Polyhedron([], [right - left]) + inequalities = [] + for left, right in zip(expressions, expressions[1:]): + inequalities.append(right - left) + return Polyhedron([], inequalities) -@_polymorphic -def Eq(left, right): +@_pseudoconstructor +def Eq(*expressions): """ - Returns a Polyhedron instance with a single constraint as left equal to right. + Create the polyhedron with constraints expr1 == expr2 == expr3 ... """ - return Polyhedron([left - right], []) + equalities = [] + for left, right in zip(expressions, expressions[1:]): + equalities.append(left - right) + return Polyhedron(equalities, []) -@_polymorphic -def Ne(left, right): +@_pseudoconstructor +def Ne(*expressions): """ - Returns a Polyhedron instance with a single constraint as left not equal to right. + Create the domain such that expr1 != expr2 != expr3 ... The result is a + Domain object, not a Polyhedron. """ - return ~Eq(left, right) + domain = Universe + for left, right in zip(expressions, expressions[1:]): + domain &= ~Eq(left, right) + return domain -@_polymorphic -def Gt(left, right): +@_pseudoconstructor +def Ge(*expressions): """ - Returns a Polyhedron instance with a single constraint as left greater than right. + Create the polyhedron with constraints expr1 >= expr2 >= expr3 ... """ - return Polyhedron([], [left - right - 1]) + inequalities = [] + for left, right in zip(expressions, expressions[1:]): + inequalities.append(left - right) + return Polyhedron([], inequalities) -@_polymorphic -def Ge(left, right): +@_pseudoconstructor +def Gt(*expressions): """ - Returns a Polyhedron instance with a single constraint as left greater than or equal to right. + Create the polyhedron with constraints expr1 > expr2 > expr3 ... """ - return Polyhedron([], [left - right]) + inequalities = [] + for left, right in zip(expressions, expressions[1:]): + inequalities.append(left - right - 1) + return Polyhedron([], inequalities)